Topic+term+4

WE ARE DOING CAREERS AND MY 3 CAREERS ARE PHOTOGRAPHER BACKSTICK SPORTS REFEREE

=SPORTS REFEREE=

SKILLS & KNOWLEDGE
Sports referees need to have a detailed knowledge of the rules and regulations of their particular sport or event. They also need to know about safety rules and methods, and basic maths. Sports referees need to have excellent communication skills for managing players, coaches, other referees and spectators, and good decision-making ability.Sports referees need to have a detailed knowledge of the rules and regulations of their particular sport or event. They also need to know about safety rules and methods, and basic maths. Sports referees need to have excellent communication skills for managing players, coaches, other referees and spectators, and good decision-making ability.

TASKS & DUTIES
Sports referees may so some or all of the following:
 * referee or umpire sports competitions or games
 * work as a timekeeper for competitions and races
 * judge and award points in sports competitions
 * check and adjust sports equipment and ground markings
 * start races and competitions
 * make sure sports people know and follow the rules
 * research and study sports people and teams in preparation for future engagements
 * attend meetings with teams and their coaches
 * attend after-match functions.

PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
Sports officials need to have good eyesight In sports such as soccer, rugby or netball you would need to have excelent fitness

PERSONAL QUALITIES
Sports referees need to be accurate, alert, observant, fair and able to make good judge ments. At times their rulings may be unpopular, so they must be firm and able to deal with criticism from players, spectators, coaches and the media. It is important that they are able to work well under pressure, as their judge ments need to be made quickly.

Quick job facts
This job average income: $11,600 National average income: $38,900 This includes full and part-time employments Average hours worked p/w: 23

Entry Requirements
To become a sports official you need to have a good knowledge of your sport, as most organisations require you to pass theory exams and practical tests before they hire you.

Useful Experience
Useful experience for sports referees includes amateur refereeing, teaching experience, or work in sports administration. Participating in sports and coaching is also useful.

Working Conditions
Sports referees work indoors and outdoors in a variety of places, including: sports grounds such as rugby and softball fields ski fields race tracks gymnasiums swimming pools beaches playing courts such as tennis and squash courts walking tracks and roads for marathons and triathlons.

They may travel locally and around New Zealand to sports meetings and matches. Some international travel may also be required.

Sports referees all weather conditions. They may spend a lot of time on their feet and away from home. Their work may be stressful due to the players competitors and spectators made to unpopular decisions

Equipment
Equipment sports referee may use includes:
 * whistles and starting guns
 * timing equipment such as stopwatches
 * microphones for communicating with referee assistances
 * green, yellow and red cards
 * a notebook or score sheet
 * a uniform
 * footwear such as soccer boots turf shoes

Hours
Sports referees usually work after hours, including weekends and evenings.

Contact with people
Sports referees communicate with players, other referees, sports administrators, spectators and the media. They may supervise other referees.

Pay
Most sports officials are volunteers. Some people get a small game fee for being a referee. A small number of sports, such as rugby and cricket, are moving into a professional environment, which means top level referees get paid.

Career Progression
Sports referees can progress to refereeing games and tournaments at international level.

=Photographer=

=Quick job facts= This job average income: $35,400 National average income: $38,900 This includes full and part-time employees Average hours worked p/w: 37

Tasks & duties
Photographers may do some or all of the following:
 * discuss ideas with people to understand their aims, and make suggestions
 * look for ideas for pictures
 * decide what method of photography and type of equipment to use
 * organise and set models to photograph
 * arrange camera, lights, the setting and subjects
 * find any props required
 * take photographs
 * develop and print photographs on a film camera, or give a commercial laboratory instructions for photo processing
 * scan photographs into a computer
 * download digital images from the camera onto a computer, then edit and adjust them and print proof sheets
 * save photos onto a CD-ROM or DVD, or email them to their client
 * restore old photographs
 * mount and frame photographs
 * set up exhibitions
 * take photographs for supplying to picture libraries
 * run their own businesses

Specialisations
Photographers maywork in the following areas: Many photographers in New Zealand specialise in a number of areas to raise their income.
 * social photography – including weddings or portrates
 * schools photography – including large group photos or portrates
 * advertising and editorial – for magazine or newspaper articles, stories or reports
 * fashion photography – for magazines or papers
 * corporate and commercial photography – for marketing reports and brochures
 * medical and scientific photography – for police and medical reports that need accurate images
 * press and photojournalism – for recording events and the people involved in them
 * photographic art – for galleries and art sales
 * aerial photography – for mapping or private use.

Skills & knowledge
Photographers need to have: Photographers who run their own business also need to have good business skills.
 * knowledge of a variety of photographic equipment such as cameras, flashes, computers, lenses and films
 * knowledge of different photographic effects and how these can be achieved
 * an understanding of how to control artificial light, such as in a studio, and natural light
 * an understanding of the film developing process
 * up-to-date knowledge of the latest photographic methods and equipment
 * knowledge of styles or trends in photography and art
 * skill using computer software such as Photoshop
 * technical skills
 * basic maths skills
 * communication skills
 * good problem-solving and time management skills.

Personal Qualities
Photographers need to be:
 * professional
 * patient and able to work under pressure
 * creative and artistic
 * practical and disciplined, with an eye for detail
 * confident and motivated
 * able to accept criticism
 * able to make people feel relaxed and at ease.

=Physical Requirements= Photographers need to have a good sense of colour, and good hand-eye co-ordination and reflexes. They also need to be reasonably fit as they may need to carry heavy cases of equipment.

Entry Requirements
To become a photographer you need to be able to show you have an eye for photography. If you have no published work, it is useful to put together a colage of photographs showcasing your ideas and style, so prospective employers can see what you can do.

Secondary Education
There are no specific secondary education requirements, but art, computer studies, graphic design, maths and English are useful.

A tertiary entrance qualification is required to enter further training.

Training on the job
Many photographers start off working as photography assistants, and gain skills and experience to broaden their portfolio and become photographers.

Some employers run trainee schemes, and photographers may also attend courses and seminars for motivational purposes and to gather new ideas. It is also important for photographers to keep up to date with new techniques and technology.

Useful Experience
Useful experience for photographers includes:
 * amateur photography work
 * work in a darkroom
 * work as a photographic assistant
 * work as a television or motion picture camera operator
 * design work or courses
 * business or computer work.

Working Conditions
Photographers work indoors in studios and darkrooms, and outdoors in different locations and all weather conditions. They may travel to take photographs and attend seminars and conferences – both locally and out of town.

Equipment
Equipment photographers may use includes:


 * cameras, lenses, filters and films
 * lighting equipment and tripods
 * display albums
 * computers and scanners
 * specialised software such as Adobe Photoshop
 * film processors, enlargers and photographic paper
 * specialised bags to safely and easily transport camera equipment
 * a studio
 * a car.

Hours
Photographers work long, irregular hours, as people are often not available during normal working hours, which means photography sessions have to be run in the evenings and weekends. They often work overtime, and some photographers may also do shift work.

Contact with people
Photographers usually work independently, but interact with a variety of people, including: Some photographers in a training situation may supervise small groups.
 * clients
 * art directors
 * journalists and editors
 * celebrities
 * public officials
 * the general public
 * photographic laboratory staff and suppliers.

Pay
As with most creative occupations in New Zealand, pay for photographers varies. According to the 2006 photographers earnt an average of $35,000 a year.
 * Many photographers start out as assistants in a photography studio. They are usually paid the minimum wage ($12 an hour).
 * Most photographers are self-employed and do contract work. Their income depends on the success of their business as well as the amount of hours they work and – in some cases – where in the country they work.

Source: Department of Labour, Jobs and Tertiary Education Indicator Tool.

Career Progression
People new to photography often work as studio assistants or assistant photographers. They can also do freelance work, and many go on to set up their own photography businesses.

Because photographers specialise in a number of areas, they can move into roles in other areas such as: Further training is required to enter these areas.
 * journalism
 * publishing
 * retail and photo processing
 * promotion and art dealing
 * teaching.

What types of employers can I work for?
Although most photographers working in New Zealand are freelancers with their own businesses, they can work for a number of employers including:
 * photographic agencies
 * news agencies
 * newspaper and magazine publishers
 * photographic processing retail shops
 * tertiary institutions that require photography teachers.

Where can I do this job?
Most photographers work in Auckland, where the main newspaper and magazine agencies are based.

However, freelance photographers can set themselves up anywhere in the New Zealand.

What is happening in this job?
Advances in digital technology mean that the skill requirements of professional photographers have changed dramatically since 2006, and this trend is expected to continue. Requirements are changing for the following reasons:
 * Traditional darkrooms are being replaced by computer systems, so a large part of photographers' manual work, such as film processing, has been cut out. However, they now spend a lot more time in post-production, retouching photographs using computers.
 * A push towards use of multimedia – for example, video storytelling and creating images through digital means – is expected to affect photographers soon. These techniques are growing in popularity as magazines and newspapers increasingly move into publishing online.